6.4400 Computer Graphics (2027)

| Quantity | Symbol | Definition | Unit | |----------|--------|------------|------| | Radiant flux | (\Phi) | Power (energy/time) | W | | Irradiance | (E) | Flux per unit area ((d\Phi/dA)) | W/m² | | Radiance | (L) | Flux per unit solid angle per projected area | W/(sr·m²) |

Abstract 6.4400 Computer Graphics is a rigorous course covering the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of 2D and 3D graphics. This paper synthesizes core topics from the curriculum: geometric transformations, rendering pipelines, radiometry, the rendering equation, acceleration structures, and advanced shading models. It emphasizes the transition from rasterization-based real-time graphics to physically based global illumination, culminating in an analysis of modern GPU architectures and real-time ray tracing. 1. Introduction Computer graphics is the discipline of generating synthetic images from geometric and physical descriptions of a scene. Course 6.4400 serves as a deep technical immersion into the algorithms behind rendering engines, from real-time game engines to cinematic visual effects. The central challenge is computational efficiency: simulating light transport at millions of pixels per second while maintaining physical and perceptual accuracy. 6.4400 computer graphics