But in the 21st century, a new question is emerging:

The isnad was the first "security chain" in human history. It’s only fitting that we now upgrade that chain with 21st-century cryptography.

“Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will be its guardian.” (Quran 15:9) — perhaps that guardianship now includes lines of code.

The Digital Chain of Narration: Can We Encrypt the Hadith?

Enter the concept of — not a classical term, but a modern necessity.