Tutorial — Jsbsim
After three hours of tweaking coefficients and re‑running simulations, the X‑1 flies straight and level at 80 knots.
The X‑1 lifts off at 45 knots, climbs, then slowly rolls left due to an asymmetric thrust he forgot to model. Alex corrects by adding a trim tab definition under <flight_control><channel name="roll"> .
Maya hands Alex wind tunnel data: CL(alpha, camber) , CD(alpha) , Cm(alpha) .
<propulsion> <engine file="Rotax912"> <location> 0 0 0 </location> </engine> <propeller file="fixed_pitch"> <ixx> 0.2 </ixx> <diameter> 1.6 </diameter> <num_blades> 2 </num_blades> </propeller> </propulsion> He writes a taxi script: throttle 0.3, release brakes, wait 10 seconds, full rudder right. jsbsim tutorial
JSBSim includes a simple autopilot and PID controllers, but you must model the entire control loop, including actuator delays, limits, and hinge moments. Use <actuator> with time constants. Part 5: Ground and Propulsion – Taxi Test Maya: “Before flying, prove it can taxi.”
Alex launches FlightGear: fgfs --fdm=jsbsim --aircraft=x1 . The X‑1 appears on the runway, virtual sun glinting. He takes off, and for the first time, the simulation looks and feels alive .
import jsbsim fdm = jsbsim.FGFDMExec() fdm.load_model('x1') fdm['propulsion/engine[0]/running'] = 1 fdm['fcs/throttle-cmd-norm'] = 1.0 for t in range(1000): fdm.Run() if t == 200: fdm['fcs/elevator-cmd-norm'] = -0.3 # pitch up print(fdm['position/h-sl-ft'], fdm['attitude/theta-deg']) After three hours of tweaking coefficients and re‑running
Maya smiles. “You don’t fly it. You build the laws of physics for it. JSBSim is a library—a simulation engine. It takes an XML model and outputs time‑step states: position, orientation, velocities. You visualize separately.”
<metrics unit="KG" unit_area="M2" unit_length="M"> <wingarea> 12.0 </wingarea> <wingspan> 10.0 </wingspan> <chord> 1.2 </chord> </metrics> All units are SI internally, but you can specify units per value. JSBSim converts. Part 3: The Aerodynamics Puzzle – Coefficient Tables Now the hardest part: the X‑1 has a variable‑camber wing (no flaps, but morphing trailing edge). No existing table works.
aero/alpha-rad is a property. JSBSim has hundreds of built‑in properties (like velocities/u-fps , attitude/phi-rad ). You can also define custom properties under <property> . Part 4: The Control System – First Crash Alex adds controls: Maya hands Alex wind tunnel data: CL(alpha, camber)
Why? The PID gains were tuned for a Cessna, not the X‑1’s high‑lift wing.
She opens the XML and says, “Good. But you forgot Reynolds number effects on your lift curve – it’s a small wing. And your propeller efficiency table is for sea level only. Add <function> inside propeller definition to scale with density.”
“But how do I even fly it?” Alex asks.
